LAW-MAKING ACTIVITY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

Authors:
Volodymyr Anatoliiovych Ustymenko — Corresponding Member of the NAS of Ukraine, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Law, Professor, Honoured Lawyer of Ukraine (introduction, conclusions, chapters 1—9);
Ruslan Ayatshakhovych Dzhabrailov — Doctor of Law, Professor (chapters 1—9, conclusions);
Hudima Tetiana Stepanivna — Doctor of Law, Professor (chapters 1—4, 6, 8, 9, conclusions);
Malolitneva Vesta Kostiantynivna — Doctor of Law (chapters 4, 6, 7, 9, conclusions);
Sieriebriak Stanislav Vadymovych – Doctor of Law, Associate Professor (chapters 1—4, 6—9, conclusions).

Reviewers:
Dmytro Vitoldovych Zadykhailo — Academician of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Law, Professor;
Oleh Petrovych Podtserkovnyi — Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Law, Professor;
Viktoriia Viktorivna Rieznikova — Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Law, Professor

Year: 2025

Pages: 300

ISBN: 978-966-360-567-8

Publication Language: Ukrainian

Publisher: PH “Akademperiodyka”

Place Published: Kyiv

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.567.302

The monograph draws the reader’s attention to the most common problems that characterise the current state of development of lawmaking in Ukraine, revealing a significant asymmetry compared to EU practice in methodological approaches to the development of regulatory acts, which led to the substantiation of several proposals on priority areas for improving the national system of lawmaking. The monograph reproduces the results of scientific research of the co-authors within the framework of the following research projects: “Transformation of the National Legal Paradigm in the Context of Integration into the European Economic and Political Legal Space,” “Methodological Principles of Rulemaking in the Context of Adaptation to the Law of the European Union,” “Legal Factors of Development of the Ukrainian Economy in the Context of War and Post-War Reconstruction.”
This book is for scholars, lecturers, postgraduate students, students of law and economics of higher education institutions, legal practitioners, officials of state authorities, and local self-government bodies.

References:

Chapter 1:

Dicey A.V. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. 10th ed., 1959 / with introd. by E.C.S. Wade. London: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1961 (Reprinted). 534 p.

Dawson M. So. Law and the Rule of Law in the European Union: Revision or Redundancy? EUI Working Papers (RSCAS). 2009. No. 24. June 5, 2009. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1415003 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1415003 (access date: 30.10.2025).

Hillon C. Overseeing the Rule of Law in the EU. Legal Mandate and Means. (In:) C. Closa, D. Kochenov (eds.). Reinforcing Rule of Law Oversight in European Union. Cambridge, 2016. P. 59—81. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316258774.005

Jowell J. The Rule of Law and its Underlying Values. (In:) J. Jowell, D. Oliver (eds.), The Changing Constitution, 7th ed., Oxford University Press, 2011. P. 11-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199579051.001.0001

Muller J.-W. Protecting the Rule of Law (and Democracy!) in the EU. The Idea of a Copenhagen Commission. (In:) C. Closa, D. Kochenov (eds.). Reinforcing Rule of Law Oversight in European Union. Cambridge, 2016. P. 206-224. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316258774.012

Schroeder W. The European Union and the Rule of Law — State of Affairs and Ways of Strengthening. (In:) W. Schroeder (ed.). Strengthening the Rule of Law in Europe. From Common Concept to Mechanisms of Implementation. Oxford; Portland (Oregon), 2016. P. 3-34.

Tuori K. The Rule of Law and the Rechtsstaat. (In:) Ratio and Voluntas. Ashgate, 2011. Chap. 7. P. 8 ff .

Turner K. Rule of Law. (In:) S.N. Katz (ed.). The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford, 2009. Vol. 5. P. 164-166.

Press release. D. Acemoglu, S. Johnson, J.A. Robinson. They have helped us understand differences in prosperity between nations. The Nobel Prize. URL: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-ciences/2024/press-release/ (access date: 30.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union — Respect for and promotion of the values on which the Union is based. COM/2003/0606 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2003:0606: FIN (access date: 30.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a new EU framework to strengthen the rule of law. COM/2014/0158 fi nal. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0158 (access date: 30.10.2025).

Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/2092/oj/eng#ntc4-LI2020433EN.01000101-E0004 (access date: 30.10.2025).

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12012P%2FTXT&qid=1725105390501 (access date: 30.10.2025).

Chapter 2:

Black J., Baldwin R. Really Responsive Risk-Based Regulation. Law & Policy. 2010. No. 32. P. 181—213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2010.00318.x

Fisher E. Risk Regulation and Administrative Constitutionalism. Oxford: Hart, 2010. 290 p.

Jeroen van der Heijden. Risk as an Approach to Regulatory Governance: An Evidence Synthesis and Research Agenda. SAGE Open. No. 11 (3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032202 (Original work published 2021).

Klinke A. Public understanding of risk and risk governance. Journal of Risk Research. 2020. No. 24 (1). P. 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1750464

Better regulation toolbox (July 2023 edition). European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/9c8d2189-8abd-4f29-84e9-abc843cc68e0_en?filename=BR%20toolbox%20-%20Jul%202023%20-%20 FINAL.pdf (access date: 30.10.2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s38314-025-2055-5

Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations. URL: https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda (access date: 30.10.2025).

General Report of the XIVth Congress of the Conference of European Constitutional Courts on Problems of Legislative Omission in Constitutional Jurisprudence. URL: https://www.venice.coe.int/files/Bulletin/SpecBull-legislative-omission-e.pdf (access date: 30.10.2025).

Chapter 3:

Meszaros A. New challenges in the EU lawmaking. European Integration Studies. 2004 (ІІІ). No. 1. P. 19-24.

Dawson M., de Wi6 e F. EU Law and Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 300 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108864046

Goldoni M. Politicising EU Lawmaking? The Spitzenkandidaten Experiment as a Cautionary Tale. European Law Journal. 2016. Vol. 22. No. 3. P. 279-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12181

Sideri K. Law’s Practical Wisdom: The Theory and Practice of Law Making in New Governance Structures in the European Union (1st ed.). Routledge, 2007. 156 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351154123

Simonelli F., Iacob N. Can We Better the European Union Better Regulation Agenda? European Journal of Risk Regulation. 2021. No. 12 (4). P. 849—860. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2021.40

Zander M. The Law-Making Process. Eighth edition. Bloomsbury, 2020. 560 p.

Press release. Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J. A. They have helped us understand differences in prosperity between nations. The Nobel Prize. URL: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2024/press-release/ (access date: 30.10.2025).

Commission staff working document. Ukraine 2024 Report. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Brussels, 30.10.2024. SWD(2024) 699 final. European Commission website.URL: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1924a044-b30f-48a2-99c1-50edeac-
14da1_en?fi lename=Ukraine%20Report%202024.pdf (access date: 30.10.2025).

General EU position. Ministerial meeting opening the Intergovernmental Conference on the Accession of Ukraine to the European Union (Luxembourg, 25 June 2024). Official website of the Council of the EU and the European Council. URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/hzmfw1ji/public-ad00009en24.pdf (access date: 30.10.2025).

Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations. URL: https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda (access date: 30.10.2025 ).

Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC (Text with EEA relevance). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0024-20240101 (access date: 30.10.2025).

Chapter 4:

Aboelazm Karem Sayed. Supreme Constitutional Court review of the legislative omission in Egypt in light of international experiences. 2024. Vol. 10. Is. 17. e37269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37269

Pūraitė-Andrikienė D., Valuta A. The Self-Restrained Positive Legislator: Assessing the Constitutional Review of Legislative Omissions in Lithuania. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics. 2024. Vol. 17. No. 2. P. 43-60. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2024-00014

Grzybowski M. Legislative Omission in Practical Jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. Observatorio Da Jurisdicao Constitucional. Vol. 1. No. 1. https://www.portaldeperiodicos.idp.edu.br/observatorio/article/view/165 (access date: 30.10.2025).

Verstraelen S. Constitutional Dialogue in the Case of Legislative Omissions: Who Fills the Legislative Gap? Utrecht Law Review.2018. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 61—81. https://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.421

Chapter 5:

Better Regulation Guidelines. 03.11.2021 SWD(2021) 305 final. European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/d0bbd77f-bee5-4ee5-b5c4-6110c7605476_en?filename=swd2021_305_en.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025). https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2025.5.3346

Better regulation toolbox (July 2023 edition). European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/9c8d2189-8abd-4f29-84e9-abc843cc68e0_en?filename=BR%20toolbox%20-%20Jul%202023%20-%20 FINAL.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025). https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-885X.2025.82829

Commission staff working document. Ukraine 2024 Report. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Brussels, 30.10.2024. SWD(2024) 699 final. European Commission website. URL: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1924a044-b30f-48a2-99c1-50edeac-14da1_en?filename=Ukraine%20Report%202024.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Chapter 6:

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A Competitiveness Compass for the EU. COM/2025/30 final. 29.01.2025. European Commission website. URL: https://european-research-area.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2025-01/COM%202025%2030%20-%20A%20Competitiveness%20Compass%20for%20the%20EU%20_%2029-1-2025.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

A simpler and faster Europe: Communication on implementation and simplification. European Commission 2024—2029. European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/8556fc33-48a3-4a96-94e8-8ecacef1ea18_en?filename=250201_Simplification_Communication_en.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Better Regulation Guidelines. 03.11.2021 SWD(2021) 305 final.European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/d0bbd77f-bee5-4ee5-b5c4-6110c7605476_en?filename=swd2021_305_en.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Models to reduce the disproportionate regulatory burden on SMEs. Report of the Expert Group. European Commission Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General. Institut fur Wirtscha` s- und Politikforschung e.V. (IWP). URL: https://iwpkoeln.org/wp-content/uploads/EC_2007_MRDRBS_Final_Report.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Eager J., Nacer E., Douville L. Application of the ‘One in, one out’approach — and its impact on businesses. European Parliament.Think Tank. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2024/754202/IPOL_STU(2024)754202_EN.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Renda A., Schrefler L., Luchetta G., Zavatta R. Assessing the costs and benefits of regulation: Study for the European Commission, Secretariat General. Final Report. 10.12.2013. European Commission website. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/impact/commission_guidelines/docs/131210_cba_study_sg_final.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Rzepecka J., Fuksiewicz A., Squillante F., Alijošius L., Godlovitch I., Stamm P., Wielgosch J., Lundborg M. The Impact of EU Legislation in the Area of Digital and Green Transition, particularly on SMEs, Publication for the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, Luxembourg. 2024. European Parliament. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2024/754213/IPOL_STU(2024)754213_EN.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Trnka D., Thuerer Y. One-In, X-Out: Regulatory offsetting in selected OECD countries. OECD Regulatory Policy Working Papers.2019. No. 11. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/67d71764-en

Directive (EU) 2024/1760 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on corporate sustainability due diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 and Regulation (EU) 2023/2859 (Text with EEA relevance). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02024L1760-20240705 (access date: 27.10.2025).

Sustainability reporting and due diligence: simpler rules for fewer companies. European Parliament. News. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20251009IPR30836/sustainability-reporting-and-due-diligence-simpler-rules-forfewer-companies (access date: 27.10.2025).

The European Union’s action to simplify legislation Annual Burden Survey 2022. European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/fb29f07c-3c53-42ce-8d16-862fbb38c076_en?filename=ABS_20230912_0.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Commission Staff working document. Impact assessment report. Annexes. Accompanying the document Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:c851d397-9584-11ec-b4e4-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_2&format=PDF (access date: 27.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Better regulation: Joining forces to make better laws. COM/2021/219 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0219 (access date: 27.10.2025).

Commission staff working document. Ukraine 2024 Report. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Brussels, 30.10.2024. SWD(2024) 699 final. European Commission website. URL: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1924a044-b30f-48a2-99c1-50edeac14da1_en?filename=Ukraine%20Report%202024.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions — SME Relief Package. COM(2023) 535 final. 12.09.2023. European Commission website. URL: https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8b64cc33-b9d9-4a73-b470-8fae8a59dba5_en?filename=COM_2023_535_1_EN_ACT_part1_v12.pdf (access date: 27.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions — «Think Small First» — A «Small Business Act» for Europe. COM/2008/0394 final. 25.06.2008. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52008DC0394 (access date: 27.10.2025).

Chapter 7:

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. The 2025 Annual Single Market and Competitiveness Report. COM/2025/26 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025DC0026#footnoteref69 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. World Intellectual Property Organization. URL: https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovationindex-2024/assets/67729/2000%20Global%20Innovation%20Index%202024_WEB3lite.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. World Intellectual Property Organization. URL: https://www.wipo.int/documents/d/global-innovation-index/docs-enwipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Commission staff working document. Ukraine 2024 Report. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Brussels, 30.10.2024. SWD(2024) 699 final. European Commission website. URL: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1924a044-b30f-48a2-99c1-50edeac14da1_en?filename=Ukraine%20Report%202024.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Kushchyk A., Kairachka N. Functioning of regulatory «sandboxes»: problems, problems, prospects. Economics and Region. 2023. № 1 (88). С. 46-51. https://doi.org/10.26906/EiR.2023.1(88).2870

Veseli A., Moser S., Kubeczko K., Madner V., Wang A., Wolfsgruber K. Practical necessity and legal options for introducing energy regulatory sandboxes in Austria. Utilities Policy. 2021. Vol. 73. 101296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2021.101296

Heymann F., Schmid J., Vazquez M., Galus M. Regulatory sandboxes in the energy sector — review and learnings for the case of Switzerland. IET Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2021. Is. 6. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1730

Štefanek Š. Regulatory sandboxes and experimentation clauses: an a6 empt to make the (Croatian) legal system more entrepreneurial. EU and Comparative Law Issues and Challenges Series (ECLIC). 2022. Vol. 6. P. 213—235. https://doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22416

Ivo J., Duff S. How to Build a Regulatory Sandbox: A Practical Guide for Policy Makers. Technical Guide. Washington, D.C.: CGAP, 2020. 35 p. URL: https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/publications/2020_09_Technical_Guide_How_To_Build_Regulatory_Sandbox.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Commission staff working document. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A New European Innovation Agenda. COM(2022) 332 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52022SC0187 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A New European Innovation Agenda. COM/2022/332 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022DC0332&qid=1742242625232#footnote53 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Council Conclusions on Regulatory sandboxes and experimentation clauses as tools for an innovation-friendly, future-proof and resilient regulatory framework that masters disruptive challenges in the digital age. 16 November 2020. 13026/20. Official website of the Council of the EU and the European Council. URL: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13026-2020-INIT/en/pdf (access date: 31.10.2025). https://doi.org/10.19130/it.10.2.2025/00S329Y8X478

Commission Staff working document. Regulatory learning in the EU Guidance on regulatory sandboxes, testbeds, and living labs in the EU, with a focus section on energy. 29.08.2023. SWD(2023) 277/2 final. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. URL: https://research-andinnovation.ec.europa.eu/document/download/fc6f35cd-a8d6-4770-aefe-c09ca85cff8c_en?filename=swd_2023_277_f1.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Attrey A., Lesher M., Lomax C. The role of sandboxes in promoting flexibility and innovation in the digital age. OECD Going Digital Toolkit Notes. 2020. No. 2. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/cdf5ed45-en (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircra. Eco-System in Europe. COM/2022/652 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0652 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724. Eur-lex.Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02024R1735-20240628 (access date: 31.03.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions an eu initiative on web 4.0 and virtual worlds: a head start in the next technological transition. COM/2023/442 fi nal. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52023DC0442&qid=1742242625232#footnoteref51 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act). Eurlex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng (access date: 31.10.2025).

Research and Innovation friendly regulation – Council conclusions, adopted on 27.05.2016, 9510/16. Official website of the Council of the EU and the European Council. URL: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9510-2016-INIT/en/pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulatory Sandboxes — Testing Environments for Innovation and Regulation. German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. URL: https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/regulatory-sandboxes.html (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission on the precautionary principle. 02.02.2000. COM(2000) 1 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52000DC0001&from=EN (access date: 31.10.2025).

Parenti R. Regulatory sandboxes and innovation hubs for Fin-Tech: impact on innovation, financial stability and supervisory convergence: study requested by the ECON committee; European Parliament, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies. Luxembourg: European Parliament, 2020. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/652752/IPOL_STU(2020)652752_EN.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Making space for innovation: The handbook for regulatory sandboxes. July 2019. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). URL: https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/Digitale-Welt/handbook-regulatory-sandboxes.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 (access date: 31.10.2025).

New flexibility for innovation: Guide for formulating experimentation clauses. July 2024. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/Digitale-Welt/guide-new-flexibility-forinnovation-en-july-2024.pdf?_blob=publicationFile&v=3 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission Framework for state aid for research and development and innovation. C/2022/7388 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?ri=PI_COM:C(2022)7388#footnoteref33 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2024/903 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 March 2024 laying down measures for a high level of public sector interoperability across the Union (Interoperable Europe Act). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R0903 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Chapter 8:

Regulation (EU) 2022/1031 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2022 on the access of third-country economic operators, goods and services to the Union’s public procurement and concession markets and procedures supporting negotiations on access of Union economic operators, goods and services Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council 2020 Strategic foresight report strategic foresight — charting the course towards a more resilient Europe. COM/2020/493 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0493&qid=1706954760521#footnote25 (access date 31.10.2025).

Benczur P., Giovannini E., Manca A.R. Building a scientific narrative towards a more resilient EU society. Part 1. A conceptual framework. Publications Office, 2017. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/635528

Constantinescu M. Measuring economic resilience for the CEE and Black Sea countries in the framework of comprehensive defense. Security and Defence Quarterly. 2023. No. 44 (4). P. 55—83. https://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/175379

Challoumis C. Evaluation of Economic Resilience Post-War (August 04, 2024). URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4915784 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4915784 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Cooper L. Economic resilience, social dialogue and democracy in wartime: critical reflections on the challenges facing Ukraine’s economy. Conflict and Civicness Research Group. LSE IDEAS. The London School of Economics and Political Science. London, UK, 2023. 9 p. URL: https://peacerep.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Policy-Brief-LC-Interview-with-LRT-LSE.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Paździor A., Caputa W., Krawczyk-Sokołowska I. Economic Resilience in the Face of COVID and the War in Ukraine: Key Lessons From the Situation of the Polish Economy. (In:) Bukalska E., Kijek T., Sergi B.S. (Eds.) Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Poland (Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth). Leeds: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023. P. 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-654-220231005

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council 2025 Strategic Foresight Report Resilience 2.0: Empowering the EU to thrive amid turbulence and uncertainty. 09.09.2025 COM(2025) 484 final. European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/2e1f1de3-dff6-44f7-b2a3-1dd8eee396bb_en?filename=COM_2025_484_1_EN.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

OECD (2025), Strategic Foresight Toolkit for Resilient Public Policy: A Comprehensive Foresight Methodology to Support Sustainable and Future-Ready Public Policy, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/bcdd9304-en

Assessment of current initiatives of the European Commission on better regulation. European Parliament website. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2022/734766/IPOL_IDA(2022)734766_EN.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Opinion of the European Committee of the Regions — Strategic foresight as an instrument of EU governance and better regulation. 22.12.2023. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52023IR1562&qid=1738697281148#ntc3-C_202301327EN.000101-E0003 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Better regulation toolbox (July 2023 edition). European Commission website. URL: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/9c8d2189-8abd-4f29-84e9-abc843cc68e0_en?filename=BR%20toolbox%20-%20Jul%202023%20-%20FINAL.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Megatrends cards. European Commission website. URL: https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/Megatrends%20cards.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the European Preparedness Union Strategy. JOIN/2025/130 final. 26.03.2025. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025JC0130 (access date: 31.10.2025).

EU strategic autonomy 2013—2023: From concept to capacity. European Parliament website. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733589/EPRS_BRI(2022)733589_EN.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Commi6 e and the Committee of the Regions Europe’s moment: Repair and Prepare for the Next Generation. COM/2020/456 final. 27.05.2020. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0456 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council on «European Economic Security Strategy». JOIN/2023/20 final. 20.06.2023. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023JC0020 (access date: 31.10.2025).

2050 long-term strategy. European Commission website. URL: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/climate-strategiestargets/2050-long-term-strategy_en (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions The Clean Industrial Deal: A joint roadmap for competitiveness and decarbonisation. COM/2025/85 final. 26.02.2025. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025DC0085#footnoteref26 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for sustainable products, amending Directive (EU) 2020/1828 and Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and repealing Directive 2009/125/EC. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02024R1781-20240628 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02024R1735-20240628 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession contracts (Text with EEA relevance). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02014L0023-20240101 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Directive (EU) 2022/2041 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on adequate minimum wages in the European Union. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02022L2041-20221025 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2022/1031 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2022 on the access of third-country economic operators, goods and services to the Union’s public procurement and concession markets and procedures supporting negotiations on access of Union economic operators, goods and services to the public procurement and concession markets of third countries (International Procurement Instrument — IPI). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1031/oj/eng (access date: 31.10.2025).

China — Medical devices. International Procurement Instrument (IPI) investigation into Chinese medical devices. European Commission website. URL: https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/help-exporters-and-importers/accessing-markets/public-procurement/international-procurement-instrument/china-medical-devices_en (access date: 31.10.2025).

Chapter 9:

Black J., Baldwin R. Really Responsive Risk-Based Regulation. Law & Policy. 2010. No. 32. P. 181—213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2010.00318.x

Fisher E. Risk Regulation and Administrative Constitutionalism. Oxford: Hart, 2010. 290 p.

Jeroen van der Heijden. Risk as an Approach to Regulatory Governance: An Evidence Synthesis and Research Agenda. SAGE Open. 2021. No. 11 (3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032202 (Original work published 2021).

Klinke A. Public understanding of risk and risk governance. Journal of Risk Research. 2020. No. 24 (1). P. 2—13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1750464

OECD (2025), OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2025ю OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/56b60e39-en

Acs S., Ostlaender N., Listorti G., Hradec J., Hardy M., Smits P., Hordijk L. Modelling for EU Policy support: Impact Assessments, EUR 29832 EN, Publications Office of the European Union. Luxembourg, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2760/748720

Commission staff working document. Ukraine 2024 Report. Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2024 Communication on EU Enlargement policy. Brussels, 30.10.2024. SWD(2024) 699 final. European Commission website. URL: https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1924a044-b30f-48a2-99c1-50edeac14da1_en?filename=Ukraine%20Report%202024.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 of 31 July 2023 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards sustainability reporting standards (Text with EEA relevance). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02023R2772-20231222 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Commission Recommendation (EU) 2025/1710 of 30 July 2025 on a voluntary sustainability reporting standard for small and medium-sized undertakings. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202501710#ntr10-L_202501710EN.000101-E0010 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 537/2014, Directive 2004/109/EC, Directive 2006/43/EC and Directive 2013/34/EU, as regards corporate sustainability reporting (Text with EEA relevance). Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02022L2464-20221216 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Commission presents voluntary sustainability reporting standard to ease burden on SMEs. European Commission press corner. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1843 (access date: 31.10.2025).

OECD/IEA (2025). The role of traceability in critical mineral supply chains. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/edb0a451-en

Regulation (EU) 2017/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 laying down supply chain due diligence obligations for Union importers of tin, tantalum and tungsten, their ores, and gold originating from conflict-affected and highrisk areas. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02017R0821-20201119 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation and repealing Regulation (EU) No 995/2010. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02023R1115-20241226 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Country Classification List. European Commission website. URL: https://green-forum.ec.europa.eu/nature-and-biodiversity/deforestation-regulation-implementation/eudr-cooperationand-partnerships/country-classification-list_en (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission Ecodesign for Sustainable Products and Energy Labelling Working Plan 2025—2030. 16.04.2025. COM/2025/187 final. European Commission website. URL: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/document/download/5f7ff5e2-ebe9-4bd4-a139-db881bd6398f_en?filename=FAQUPDATE-4th-Iteration_clean.pdf (access date: 31.10.2025).

Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02023R1542-20240718 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A comprehensive EU toolbox for safe and sustainable e-commerce. 05.02.2025. COM/2025/37final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025DC0037 (access date: 31.10.2025).

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. The Clean Industrial Deal: A joint roadmap for competitiveness and decarbonisation. 26.02.2025. COM/2025/85 final. Eur-lex. Access to European Union Law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025DC0085#footnoteref26 (access date: 31.10.2025).

LAW-MAKING ACTIVITY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

Related Post

Shevchenko and World Literature

Fundamentals of Evaluation and Diagnostics of Welded Structures

People of Science. Conversations with Ukrainian Scientists